Abstract content strings: George Grie 3D
Art Surrealism Pictures oil Paintings Prints. Free graphics fantasy
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Painters were considered skilled artisans rather
than creative artists until eventually, in East Asia and Renaissance
Europe, the fine artist emerged with the social status of a scholar
and courtier. Fine artists signed their work and decided its design
and often its subject and imagery. Over time painters have increasingly
gained the freedom to invent their own visual language and to experiment
with new forms and unconventional materials and techniques. George Grie
3D Art Surrealism Pictures oil Paintings Prints, Free graphics fantasy
posters wallpapers screensavers, surreal oil paintings fantasy artworks
prints landscapes gallery, In the early 20th century painters began
to experiment with nonrepresentational art in which formal qualities
such as line, colour, and form were explored rather than subject matter.
Throughout the century styles vacillated between representational and
nonrepresentational painting. In the late 20th century some critics
forecast the “death of painting” in the face of new media
such as video and installation art, yet talented new artists repeatedly
brought painting back to the centre of artistic production. A visual
object or experience consciously created through an expression of skill
or imagination.
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The
expression of ideas and emotions, with the creation of certain aesthetic
qualities, in a two-dimensional visual language. The elements of this
language—its shapes, lines, colours, tones, and textures—are
used in various ways to produce sensations of volume, space, movement,
and light on a flat surface. These elements are combined into expressive
patterns in order… Art is as varied as the life from which it springs.
Each artist portrays different aspects of the world. A great artist is
able to take some aspect of life and give it depth and meaning. Multimedia
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fineart gallery To do this he or she will make use of the many devices
common to painting. These devices include composition (the arrangement
of the objects within a picture), color, form, and texture. Western painting
history of Western painting from its beginnings in prehistoric times to
the present. Painting, the execution of forms and shapes on a surface
by means of pigment (but see also drawing for discussion of depictions
in chalks, inks, pastels, and crayons), has been continuously practiced
by humans for some 20,000 years. George Grie 3D Art Surrealism
Pictures oil Paintings Prints. Free graphics fantasy posters wallpapers
screensavers, surreal oil paintings fantasy artworks prints landscapes
gallery. Toronto Canada Yuri Gribanovsky |
Communications The electronic transfer of information from one location to another. "Data communications" or "datacom" refers to digital transmission, and "telecommunications" or "telecom" refers to a mix of voice and data, both analog and digital. "Networking" refers specifically to LANs and WANs.
The term "communications" used by itself generally pertains to telecom-related subjects such as PBXs, modems, call centers and the like. However, the word is also a generic English word that is used descriptively such as in the headline "Analog Vs. Digital Communications" below. Thus, "communications" is used specifically in some cases and more generically in others.
The Protocol
The way data communications systems "talk to" each other is defined in a set of standards called "protocols." Protocols work in a hierarchy starting at the top with the user's program and ending at the bottom with the plugs, sockets and electrical signals. See communications protocol and OSI.
Analog Vs. Digital Communications
The world's largest communications system is the telephone network, which is a mix of analog and digital communications. The system, which used to be entirely analog and transmitted only voice frequencies is now almost entirely digital. The only analog part is the line between your telephone and a digital conversion point (digital loop carrier) within a mile or so of your house. Analog systems are error prone, because the electronic frequencies get mixed together with unwanted signals (noise) that are nearby.
In analog telephone networks, amplifiers were placed in the line every few miles to boost the signal, but they could not distinguish between signal and noise. Thus, the noise was amplified along with the signal. By the time the receiving person or machine got the signal, it may have been impossible to decipher.
In a "digital" network, only two (binary) distinct frequencies or voltages are transmitted. Instead of amplifiers, repeaters are used, which analyze the incoming signal and regenerate a new outgoing signal. Any noise on the line is filtered out at the next repeater. When data are made up of only two signals (0 and 1), they can be more easily distinguished from the garble. Digital is simple!
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InformationInformation is a term with many meanings depending on context, but is as a rule closely related to such concepts as meaning, knowledge, instruction, communication, representation, and mental stimulus.
Although many people speak of the advent of the "information age," the "information society," and information technologies, and even though information science and computer science are often in the spotlight, the word "information" is often used without careful consideration of the various meanings it has come to acquire.
Often information is viewed as a type of input to an organism or designed device. Inputs are of two kinds. Some inputs are important to the function of the organism (for example, food) or device (energy) by themselves. In his book Sensory Ecology, Dusenbery called these causal inputs. Other inputs (information) are important only because they are associated with causal inputs and can be used to predict the occurrence of a causal input at a later time (and perhaps another place). Some information is important because of association with other information but eventually there must be a connection to a causal input. In practice, information is usually carried by weak stimuli that must be detected by specialized sensory systems and amplified by energy inputs before they can be functional to the organism or device. For example, light is often a causal input to plants but provides information to animals. The colored light reflected from a flower is too weak to do much photosynthetic work but the visual system of the bee detects it and the bee's nervous system uses the information to guide the bee to the flower, where the bee often finds nectar or pollen, which are causal inputs, serving a nutritional function.
The most important meanings of information are identified in the following sections roughly in order of narrowest to broadest. Information as a message: Information is a message, something to be communicated from the sender to the receiver, as opposed to noise, which is something that inhibits the flow of communication or creates misunderstanding. If information is viewed merely as a message, it does not have to be accurate. It may be a lie, or just a sound of a kiss. This model assumes a sender and a receiver, and does not attach any significance to the idea that information is something that can be extracted from an environment, e.g., through observation or measurement. Information in this sense is simply any message the sender chooses to create.
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